The 4" vane will stabilize the arrow slightly quicker, but will also slow the arrow speed down due to more surface area. However, the 2" vane (I'm assuming a Blazer) will also stabilize the arrow quick because of the high profile parabolic design, but it will not slow the arrow down as much because it doesn't have as much surface area. There also has been quite the debate since Blazers have become so popular over the effect on accuracy shooting 4" vs 2"�especially at longer distances because of the drag and speed loss of the 4" vane.
Me personally, I recommend using Blazers (if your not shooting a 600+ grain arrow), because they offer the best of both worlds�quick stabilization and low drag on speed.