Just to add to the list of factors for why we're seeing this increase in antler damaged, mostly believed to be from pedicle injuries . . . . . . . .
I believe some of the being baffled is due to data sets covering too small an acreage, and then not fully appreciating the range of most "their" bucks.
While we may not be doing much different on "our" 100 to 1,000 acres, maybe "our" buck age structure is little changed, maybe our buck:doe ratio is little changed, but . . . . . . .
"Our" bucks (during the rut when they have the most fighting encounters) can be travelling around the surrounding 10,000-plus acres!
Think about this.
Say you have 640 acres (1 square mile) that you "study" or monitor intensely.
First, all "your" deer are not centered in that property.
Just considering 1 mile in all directions around your perimeter
increases that "ranging" acreage from 640 acres to @ 5,700 acres.
Increasing it 2 miles, increases that "ranging" acreage from 640 acres to 16,000 acres!
Rutting bucks commonly travel 1 to 2 linear miles in a single 24 hr period, and over 3 miles is not uncommon.
I believe when you look more on a macro level, most areas surrounding our relatively small "study" areas, those areas have experienced a greater change in going from lower to higher buck age structure. "Our" rutting bucks are simply encountering more adversaries than in times past.
This has probably been mostly the result of the 2-buck limit coupled with increasing numbers of hunters willing to pass up yearling bucks. If we could just get more hunters to stop killing off the best antler stock at 2 1/2 & 3 1/2, I'd be much happier.
Over broad areas of many square miles, we simply have more mature bucks as compared to a few years ago. Unfortunately, a high percentage of these survivors were born with below average antler genetics, and the main reason they survived was because of their relatively small antlers.