A bullet's sectional density also affects the amount of damage it can cause. Sectional density (a bullet's weight in pounds divided by its diameter squared) describes a bullet's length for its diameter: The higher the number, the longer the bullet. Generally speaking, the larger a bullet's sectional density, the deeper it will penetrate.
Speed is only 1 factor here is another that folks want to overlook, I love my 243 but my 300wm carries more energy with 50g more bullet a lot farther. I have had the most bang flops from muzzle loader, then the 243 with 300wm bringing up the rear, I'm sure you can kill any animal with a 22 or a 22 mag but without a perfect shot you might never find it. Have shot several deer with the 300wm that ran 100y, never had runners anywhere near that with the others, that said I don't shoot bone, lung/heart shots with lungs being a bigger target in a quick situation has always worked well for me except for 1 doe that refused to die with 2 250g through the lungs. shot with a smokeless savage 50y first shot 75y the 2nd time, both in the lungs within 2" of each other 1 from either side. Lungs had 2 holes where both passed through. too hard of a bullet and didn't transfer enough energy to jelly the lungs. I normally pour the lungs out but not that old gal lol